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托福閱讀提升有技巧 了解背景知識(shí)把握各類(lèi)題型是關(guān)鍵

托福閱讀技巧一 了解背景知識(shí)更易讀懂文章

有部分學(xué)生反映做閱讀時(shí)很難投入進(jìn)去，有一點(diǎn)原因就是對(duì)于文章所述內(nèi)容太過(guò)陌生，如果你對(duì)其略知一二，相信定會(huì)有所不同。比如官方真題Official中有篇文章講到化學(xué)元素周期表，對(duì)于高中生來(lái)說(shuō)再熟悉不過(guò)了，閱讀的時(shí)候半讀半猜，估計(jì)也可以理解的八九不離十了。

若考試準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間充足，可以多加涉獵，擴(kuò)充自己的知識(shí)背景;若時(shí)間緊張，則需搞定官方真題Official套題。根據(jù)文章記憶單詞，并不是文章中出現(xiàn)的每一個(gè)“陌生的面孔”都要去熟悉，比如一些繁瑣的專(zhuān)有名詞跳過(guò)即可。主要記憶的當(dāng)然是一些動(dòng)詞、名詞及形容詞，尤其是出現(xiàn)在句子主干中，與解題有關(guān)的詞匯。

除了詞匯，應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)分析題干及題目，比如題干中出現(xiàn)了effect，conclusion之類(lèi)的詞，其實(shí)已經(jīng)界定了我們尋找的范圍——段落靠后的部分，還有就是觀點(diǎn)性和總結(jié)性的句子永遠(yuǎn)會(huì)是考察的重點(diǎn)所在。做題的時(shí)候?qū)W會(huì)分析原文和選項(xiàng)，進(jìn)行對(duì)比，比如句子簡(jiǎn)化題，做一題需要看五個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，似乎很花費(fèi)時(shí)間，但并不需要每個(gè)句子都要細(xì)看，而是先明確原句的邏輯及主干，抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)與原句進(jìn)行比較。

例如：As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.A. The strait of Gibraltar reopened when the Mediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water from one sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting.B. The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by water from the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting opened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.C. The cascades of water from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas.D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faultin;g and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic and Mediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascades of water between them。

原句是因果邏輯的句子，先找出其因： crustal adjustments and faulting，果：the Strait opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean。接著來(lái)看選項(xiàng)：A…. caused crustal adjustments and faulting 顯然是因果倒置了，毫不猶豫地滅掉;C. 因?yàn)榇诉x項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)比較not as spectacular as, 非常惹眼的一個(gè)核心詞，而原文中是修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞spectacularly，并未進(jìn)行比較，二話不說(shuō)也排除掉;D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar,… 這原因里怎么多出來(lái)一項(xiàng)啊，擄袖子攆人吧!

托福閱讀技巧二 了解題型掌握做題方法

托福閱讀10種題型，除的小結(jié)題外大都屬于考查文章細(xì)節(jié)的題目。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞定位是至關(guān)重要的一步，然后就是理解。此時(shí)如果詞匯量太小怎么辦?事實(shí)上做閱讀我們永遠(yuǎn)要牢記的就是找句子主干，考查的信息基本都在主干中體現(xiàn)了，

比如：

The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops。

這個(gè)句子較長(zhǎng)，其中有which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，還有hunted… 這個(gè)狀語(yǔ)，而解題時(shí)我們只需要句子的主干The deer were gone。多數(shù)同學(xué)在做題時(shí)有個(gè)習(xí)慣就是看到一句話后就開(kāi)始逐詞閱讀，甚至試圖把它翻譯成中文，這可謂“兵家大忌”。

遇到一句話先抓主干，遇到整段記得掃描段落有無(wú)顯眼的連詞，舉例信號(hào)詞等，瀏覽每段的主題句。

再說(shuō)一下小結(jié)題，大多數(shù)考生的切膚之痛。一是做到一題時(shí)時(shí)間已所剩無(wú)幾，二是一題是對(duì)全文的主要內(nèi)容的總結(jié)，相對(duì)復(fù)雜。

在課堂中，我一再向?qū)W生強(qiáng)調(diào)把握全文結(jié)構(gòu)及大意的重要性，而如何去把握?

一是做題之前可大概瀏覽文章的標(biāo)題及每段首句。作為學(xué)術(shù)性的閱讀文章，首句基本都是主題句。尤其是總分結(jié)構(gòu)的文章，比如官方真題Official6中的Infantile Amnesia, 雖然文章較難理解，但是文中明確提出了三種觀點(diǎn)first，second，third… 那么此類(lèi)文章小結(jié)題的選項(xiàng)太顯而易見(jiàn)了。再者，文章的每段會(huì)對(duì)應(yīng)出2-3道題，那么題目中對(duì)應(yīng)的部分基本都是段落的核心所在。從這兩點(diǎn)就可以很快了解文章的主要內(nèi)容。所以在進(jìn)行官方真題Official練習(xí)時(shí)，做題雖不可或缺，但還要注意多加練習(xí)快速閱讀文章的能力。

托福閱讀材料之GOOGLE的發(fā)展歷程

Growth

While the primary business interest is in the web content arena, Google has begun experimenting with other markets, such as radio and print publications. On 17 January 2006, Google announced the purchase of a radio advertising company "dMarc", which provides an automated system that allows companies to advertise on the radio.This will allow Google to combine two niche advertising media—the Internet and radio—with Google's ability to laser-focus on the tastes of consumers. Google has also begun an experiment in selling advertisements from its advertisers in offline newspapers and magazines, with select advertisements in the Chicago Sun-Times.They have been filling unsold space in the newspaper that would have normally been used for in-house advertisements.

Acquisitions

Since 2001, Google has acquired several companies, mainly focusing on small start-ups.

In 2004, Google acquired a company called Keyhole, Inc.,which developed a product called Earth Viewer, renamed in 2005 to Google Earth.

In February 2006, software company Adaptive Path sold Measure Map, a weblog statistics application, to Google. Registration to the service has since been temporarily disabled. The last update regarding the future of Measure Map was made on 6 April 2006 and outlined many of the known issues of the service.

In late 2006, Google bought the online video site YouTube for $1.65 billion in stock.Shortly after, on 31 October 2006, Google announced that it had also acquired JotSpot, a developer of wiki technology for collaborative Web sites.

On 13 April 2007, Google reached an agreement to acquire DoubleClick. Google agreed to buy the company for $3.1 billion.

On 2 July 2007, Google purchased GrandCentral. Google agreed to buy the company for $50 million.

On 9 July 2007, Google announced that it had signed a definitive agreement to acquire enterprise messaging security and compliance company Postini.

On August 5 2009, Google announced the purchase of video software maker On2 Technologies for $106.5 million - its first acquisition of a public company.

On 24 November 2009, Google announced the purchase of Teracent, a California based start up company, for an undisclosed price. This is another acquisition on Google's behalf in a series of advertising related purchases- AdMob, Double Click.

托福閱讀背景知識(shí)之華爾街的故事

Wall Street has undergone a radical face lift this year, but finance industry recruiters are expected to stick to roughly the same formula when looking to fill entry-level positions with college graduates in the future.

華爾街如今已經(jīng)徹底改頭換面了。不過(guò)，金融業(yè)招聘人士在尋找大學(xué)畢業(yè)生填補(bǔ)初級(jí)職位空缺的時(shí)候，預(yù)計(jì)仍將堅(jiān)持與以往大致相同的甄選原則。

Wealth management, investment banking and research are expected to see a hiring surge in the coming years, according to Joseph Logan, founder and managing director of Pinnacle Group International, a New York executive recruiting firm specializing in the financial services industry.

Pinnacle Group International的創(chuàng)始人兼董事總經(jīng)理約瑟夫 洛根(Joseph Logan)表示，財(cái)富管理、投資銀行和研究領(lǐng)域有望在未來(lái)幾年掀起招聘熱潮。Pinnacle Group International是紐約一家專(zhuān)業(yè)服務(wù)于金融服務(wù)業(yè)的高管獵頭公司。

'A strong background in accounting plus financial [knowledge in] evaluation is the key-and being well-rounded will help a lot,' says David Smith, an associate professor at the McIntire School of Commerce at the University of Virginia who specializes in corporate finance and banking. Strong social skills and the ability to think creatively are important to round out more technical and quantitative talents.

“會(huì)計(jì)和財(cái)務(wù)估值方面的過(guò)硬背景是應(yīng)聘成功的關(guān)鍵，知識(shí)全面也會(huì)大有幫助，”弗吉尼亞大學(xué)(University of Virginia)麥金太爾商學(xué)院(McIntire School of Commerce)專(zhuān)門(mén)從事企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)和銀行業(yè)研究的副教授史密斯(David Smith)表示。出色的社交技能和創(chuàng)新思維能力對(duì)于那些偏重技術(shù)性和數(shù)理方面的人才來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)重要的補(bǔ)充。

Mr. Smith, who helps prepare students for finance job interviews, advises the students who want to head to Wall Street to eschew finance fads like the current demand in restructuring or credit derivatives which were hot two years ago and focus on becoming fluent in accounting and financial evaluation fundamentals that are applicable to any specialty. As the economy recovers more traditional financial services functions, such as mergers and acquisitions advisory will make a comeback, according to Mr. Smith .

史密斯幫助學(xué)生們?yōu)榻鹑诼毼幻嬖囎鰷?zhǔn)備。他向那些希望在華爾街發(fā)展的學(xué)生們建議說(shuō)，要避開(kāi)金融業(yè)一時(shí)的潮流,比如眼下對(duì)兩年前頗為流行的重組或者信用衍生品方面的人才需求，而將目光集中在像會(huì)計(jì)和財(cái)務(wù)估值基本知識(shí)這樣適用于所有金融領(lǐng)域的研究。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇,那些更為傳統(tǒng)的金融服務(wù)業(yè)務(wù)比如并購(gòu)咨詢行業(yè)將重新煥發(fā)活力,史密斯表示。

托福閱讀推理題的答題技巧

一、 推理題的標(biāo)志

推理題的題干中一般含有infer, imply, most likely, least likely, probably等詞，分為有共性的推理題和無(wú)共性的推理題兩大類(lèi)。

二、 推理題的做法

對(duì)于無(wú)共性的推理題，也就是題干中無(wú)線索的，一般使用排除法，即根據(jù)各個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞回原文定位，通過(guò)排除法得出正確答案。

對(duì)于有共性的推理題，也就是題干中有線索的，建議考生可以先圈定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞回原文定位，然后進(jìn)行推理。推理題主要有下列思路：

1. 一般對(duì)比推理

ETS設(shè)計(jì)推理題的手段不多，根據(jù)兩個(gè)事物的對(duì)比特征出題是其中之一。問(wèn)其中一個(gè)事物的特征時(shí)，只要將與之形成對(duì)比的另一個(gè)事物的特征否定掉就可以了。

例如：

It should be obvious that cetaceans, whales, porpoises, and dolphins are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?

A. It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.

B. There were great numbers of them.

C. They lived in the sea only.

D. They did not leave many fossil remains.

2. 時(shí)間對(duì)比推理

這種思路常被考到。在這種推理中，一般有兩個(gè)形成對(duì)比的時(shí)間段，它們所具有的特征一般相反。當(dāng)題干問(wèn)一個(gè)時(shí)間段的特征時(shí)，只要將與之相反的時(shí)間段的特征否定掉就可以了。

例：

Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country’s impressive population growth….

…It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution.

It can be inferred from the passage that before the Industrial Revolution

(A) families were larger.

(B) population statistics were unreliable.

(C) the population grew steadily.

(D) economic conditions were bad.

3.集合概念推理

集合概念推理也可以稱(chēng)之為百分比推斷，它指的是在一個(gè)集合中，包含兩個(gè)相對(duì)的方面，共同構(gòu)成一個(gè)大的集合。一方所占的比例減少意味著另一方所占比例的增加;反之一方所占的比例增加意味著另一方所占比例的減少。根據(jù)這一思路，可以由集合中一方的數(shù)量變化推斷另一方的消減。

例：

A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race, with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. …Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada….

By contrast, a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group, often highly individualistic and constantly changing.

What does the author imply about the United States and Canada?

(A) They value folk cultures.

(B) They have no social classes.

(C) They have popular cultures.

(D) They do not value individualism.

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